Lactose and lactase--who is lactose intolerant and why?

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
R K MontgomeryRichard J Grand

Abstract

Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) is expressed only in the small intestine and is confined to absorptive enterocytes on the villi with a tightly controlled pattern of expression along the proximal to distal and crypt-villus axes of the intestine. LPH expression is regulated mainly at the level of lactase (LCT) gene transcription that directs 2 phenotypes: a decline in LCT activity (LCT nonpersistence) in mid-childhood in the majority of the world's population, and maintenance of the lactase levels found in infancy (LCT persistence) in people of northern European extraction and scattered populations elsewhere. The molecular mechanisms that regulate these phenotypes are not completely understood. A population genetic association of lactase persistence with 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the distal 5'-flanking region of LCT (-13.9T and -22A) has been confirmed in northern Europeans, but this fails to explain lactase persistence found in some African groups. Any hypothesis for the control of lactase expression must reconcile the presence of high levels of activity in early life in all humans and the characteristic loss of activity found subsequently in many but not all people.

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Citations

Oct 19, 2014·Der Internist·C Kasperk, H Bartl
Mar 24, 2009·Human Mutation·Jim KaputUNKNOWN Contributors to the Human Variome Project Planning Meeting
Mar 25, 2011·Arab Journal of Gastroenterology : the Official Publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology·Peter Born
Jun 25, 2014·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Donald I Abrams
Dec 22, 2017·Neurogastroenterology and Motility : the Official Journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society·C RojoG Arancibia
Jul 3, 2008·Digestive Diseases and Sciences·Oner OzdemirDuygu Ozol
Apr 25, 2013·Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine : CCLM·Huub H van RossumAd Castel
Jan 13, 2021·Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology·Jinbiao ZhaoNeil W Jaworski
May 14, 2021·International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition·Giuseppe Grosso

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