Land cover and rainfall interact to shape waterbird community composition.

PloS One
Colin E StuddsPeter P Marra

Abstract

Human land cover can degrade estuaries directly through habitat loss and fragmentation or indirectly through nutrient inputs that reduce water quality. Strong precipitation events are occurring more frequently, causing greater hydrological connectivity between watersheds and estuaries. Nutrient enrichment and dissolved oxygen depletion that occur following these events are known to limit populations of benthic macroinvertebrates and commercially harvested species, but the consequences for top consumers such as birds remain largely unknown. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to understand how land cover and annual variation in rainfall interact to shape waterbird community composition in Chesapeake Bay, USA. The MDS ordination indicated that urban subestuaries shifted from a mixed generalist-specialist community in 2002, a year of severe drought, to generalist-dominated community in 2003, of year of high rainfall. The SEM revealed that this change was concurrent with a sixfold increase in nitrate-N concentration in subestuaries. In the drought year of 2002, waterbird community composition depended only on the direct effect of urban development in watersheds. In the wet year o...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 5, 2013·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Eric Le TortorecHarri Hakkarainen
Dec 3, 2016·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Brooke L BatemanPatricia J Heglund

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
MDS

Software Mentioned

R
DOBSERV
ArcGIS
vegan

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