Late-Emerging and Resolving Dyslexia: A Follow-Up Study from Age 3 to 14

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
M TorppaHeikki Lyytinen

Abstract

This study focuses on the stability of dyslexia status from Grade 2 to Grade 8 in four groups: (a) no dyslexia in either grade (no-dyslexia, n = 127); (b) no dyslexia in Grade 2 but dyslexia in Grade 8 (late-emerging, n = 18); (c) dyslexia in Grade 2 but not in Grade 8 (resolving, n = 15); and (d) dyslexia in both grades (persistent-dyslexia, n = 22). We examined group differences from age 3.5 to age 14 in (a) reading, vocabulary, phonology, letter knowledge, rapid naming, IQ, verbal memory; (b) familial and environmental risk and supportive factors; and (c) parental skills in reading, phonology, rapid naming, verbal memory, and vocabulary. Our findings showed group differences both in reading and cognitive skills of children as well as their parents. Parental education, book-reading frequency, and children's IQ, however, did not differentiate the groups. The children in the persistent-dyslexia group exhibited widespread language and cognitive deficits across development. Those in the resolving group had problems in language and cognitive skills only prior to school entry. In the late-emerging group, children showed clearly compromised rapid naming. Additionally, their parents had the most severe difficulties in rapid naming, a...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Nov 7, 2015·Current Developmental Disorders Reports·Heikki LyytinenMiia Ronimus
Jun 12, 2016·Annals of Dyslexia·Minna TorppaAnna-Maija Poikkeus
Apr 9, 2019·Journal of Learning Disabilities·Petra J SainioNoona H Kiuru
Jan 30, 2020·Dyslexia : the Journal of the British Dyslexia Association·Loes BazenElise H de Bree
Apr 4, 2020·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science·Enikő LadányiReyna L Gordon
Dec 15, 2018·Dyslexia : the Journal of the British Dyslexia Association·Anna-Kaija ElorantaTuija I Aro
Jul 19, 2019·Dyslexia : the Journal of the British Dyslexia Association·Samira Syal, Minna Torppa
Nov 27, 2020·Dyslexia : the Journal of the British Dyslexia Association·Hanna KortteinenTuija Aro
Sep 30, 2021·Dyslexia : the Journal of the British Dyslexia Association·Turid HellandWenche A Helland

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