Latent classes of polysubstance use among adolescents-a systematic review

Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Samuel TomczykReiner Hanewinkel

Abstract

This systematic review aims to summarize latent classes of polysubstance use in adolescents (10-19 years), and to describe predictors of polysubstance use. A systematic literature review was conducted in three databases (PUBMED, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES) to identify peer-reviewed articles on latent classes of adolescent polysubstance use (published through June 30, 2015), and to assess the comparability of their results. 23 studies (N=450-N=419,698) met the inclusion criteria. The studies showed predominantly (18 studies) average to low risk of bias. 17 studies (74%) identified between three or four latent classes, with "no use" or "low use" classes being the largest and "polysubstance use" being the smallest ones. Intermediate classes included extensive single substance use, such as "alcohol only" classes. Polysubstance use classes were unanimously predicted by higher age, higher parental and peer substance use, and poor academic performance, other predictors were highly heterogeneous. Latent classes deliver solid information on polysubstance use in adolescence. Despite their sample sensitivity, the studies possess manifold similarities, hence, modeling latent classes seems to be an ecologically valid approach to further researc...Continue Reading

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