PMID: 11921180Mar 29, 2002Paper

Lavage and nipple aspiration of breast ductal fluids: a source of biomarkers for environmental mutagenesis

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
Pamela M Klein, Julia A Lawrence

Abstract

The acquisition of breast ductal fluid by nipple aspiration and ductal lavage are simple noninvasive procedures to sample breast tissue. Nipple aspiration fluid (NAF) obtained with gentle suction and a simple syringe-adapted apparatus may evaluate the secretory components that bathe the ductal epithelial cells. Evaluations have included the quantification of soluble markers (carcinoembryonic antigen and prostatic-specific antigen), DNA amplification, protein gel electrophoresis, and mutagenesis assays. It has been suggested that environmental mutagens in the breast ductal system may contribute to carcinogenesis. The feasibility of mutagenesis assays on NAF has been limited by the small size of the samples obtained. Three small clinical studies detected mutagens in 6-14% of the samples using the Salmonella Ames assay. Ductal lavage collects more of a cellular aspirate from the ductal system utilizing a microcatheter. Early studies on ductal lavage fluid have included cytology and methylation-specific PCR. Ductal lavage in a high-risk group has identified cellular atypia in 21% of those sampled. Samples obtained through the nipple, by aspiration or lavage, are the proteinaceous secretions from the ductal system and ductal epithel...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 1, 2005·Breast Cancer Research and Treatment·Ikuko KatoZora Djuric
Dec 21, 2002·Current Oncology Reports·William C Dooley
Oct 11, 2011·Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry·Dixie MillsSusan M Love
Mar 16, 2007·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Judy S LaKindMichael N Bates
May 18, 2013·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Yanning MaHongchuan Jin
Oct 20, 2006·Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences·Qinghua FengNancy B Kiviat
Oct 30, 2010·Journal of Proteome Research·Pang-ning TengThomas P Conrads

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