Lead-based paint in children's toys sold on China's major online shopping platforms

Environmental Pollution
Zhengtao ShenDavid O'Connor

Abstract

Lead in paint is a major public health concern and has drawn much attention from international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP). However, there is limited research on lead-based paint, especially its use in toys, which poses an explicit health risk to vulnerable children. The present study sampled 100 different toys purchased from the three largest online shopping platforms in China: JD, Taobao (TB) and Tmall (TM). These selected toys have been sold nearly 3 million times in total, suggesting that they may have reached the dwellings of millions of children. It was found that the toys sold by JD and TM, which are considered organized sellers, had average lead concentrations of 25 mg/kg and 32 mg/kg, respectively, much lower than that of toys sold by unorganized sellers on the TB platform, at 219 mg/kg. Approximately 12% of the toys purchased from TB contained paint with total lead concentrations exceeding China's regulatory standard for paints in toy manufacturing, and nearly 36% of the toys purchased from TB exceeded the equivalent US regulatory standard and EU standard. These results suggest that further action is needed to verify the health and saf...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 5, 2020·Toxicology and Industrial Health·Monica Shirley ManiHerman Sunil Dsouza
Mar 11, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Dula Gashe Megertu, Leta Danno Bayissa
Sep 16, 2020·Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods and Applications·Dayara Virgà Nia L ÁvilaRennan G O Araujo
Nov 2, 2020·Environmental Research·Ronnie LevinMary Jean Brown
Nov 27, 2018·The Science of the Total Environment·Zhengtao ShenDaniel S Alessi
Mar 4, 2021·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Maya NegevMiriam L Diamond
Jun 22, 2021·Exposure & Health·Antonio J Signes-PastorKatarzyna Kordas
Aug 18, 2021·Journal of Safety Research·Sharon LeviAnat Gesser-Edelsburg

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