Lead Levels at the Tap and Consumer Exposure from Legacy and Recent Lead Service Line Replacements in Six Utilities

Environmental Science & Technology
E DeshommesM Prévost

Abstract

Profile, regulatory, and investigative sampling were completed in six utilities to study the impact of partial and full lead service line replacements (LSLRs) on water lead levels (WLLs) and consumer's exposure. As compared to households with no replacement, lead release after partial LSLR (PLSLR) was generally greater in the short term (3-50 days), and comparable or lower in the medium (<2 years) and long-term (>2 years). This was mainly explained by insufficient time elapsed to stabilize scales after disturbances to the service line. One utility showed sustained lead release over 18 months after PLSLR. Moreover, the reduction in WLLs was small when analyzing results for the same households. As a comparison, full LSLR decreased WLLs drastically and immediately. The occurrence of low (0-5 μg/L) to high (≥50 μg/L) WLLs in the profiles varied between households and reflected the variability of exposure among households in the same system. Using this probability of occurrence, the distribution of WLLs of exposure was estimated for households with or without a PLSLR, and used to model young children blood lead levels (BLLs) for both groups of households. The range of modeled BLLs decreased slightly for households with PLSLR, but st...Continue Reading

References

Jul 11, 2008·Environmental Science & Technology·Michael R SchockMeghan M Welch
Jun 16, 2010·Water Research·Elise DeshommesMichèle Prévost
Jun 9, 2012·Water Research·Clément CartierMarc Edwards
Jul 28, 2012·Water Research·Yin WangDaniel E Giammar
Jan 31, 2013·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Patrick LevalloisPat E Rasmussen
Jul 25, 2013·Environmental Science & Technology·Miguel A Del ToralMichael R Schock
Feb 19, 2015·Environmental Science & Technology·Simoni TriantafyllidouColin White
Jun 24, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Benjamin F TruemanGraham A Gagnon
Jul 29, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Benjamin F Trueman, Graham A Gagnon
Aug 10, 2017·Environmental Science & Technology·Elise DeshommesMichèle Prévost
Feb 16, 2018·Environmental Science & Technology·Michael K DeSantisDarren A Lytle

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 3, 2020·Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology·Evelyne DoréSimoni Triantafyllidou
Mar 4, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Paul M BradleyAbderrahman Zehraoui

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.