PMID: 3767490Nov 1, 1986Paper

Lead poisoning from retained missiles. An experimental study

Annals of Surgery
W I Manton, E R Thal

Abstract

The problem of lead poisoning from bullets has been investigated by surgically implanting discs of lead, each enriched in a different natural isotope, into the tissue of two mongrel dogs and monitoring by mass spectrometry the release of the lead into each animal's blood over the course of 3 years. Lead placed in the knee underwent vigorous attack by the synovial fluid, far in excess of what would be expected from corrosion theory, and reached a maximum concentration in blood 4-6 months after operation. Thereafter, lead concentration exponentially declined as the remaining fragments became encapsulated. The disc placed in muscle was sparingly soluble immediately following implantation. It is concluded that the greatest danger of lead poisoning from an injury involving many fragments having collectively a large surface area will occur within a month, and that the cases of lead poisoning resulting from bullets in joints that occur 5 or more years after injury are caused by continual wear of metal on a joint surface, storage of lead so released in the skeleton, and its subsequent resorption during a change in osteocyte activity.

Citations

Apr 7, 1999·Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine·S E FarrellD C Lee
Feb 19, 2005·Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics·Daniel M WeiglKalman Katz
Apr 3, 2007·American Journal of Veterinary Research·Eric A HootsJames K Roush
Jun 10, 2015·Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine : Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians·Elise E B LaDouceurTabitha Viner
May 1, 1988·Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·R L ValentineD J Lisk
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Jul 21, 2004·Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques·Gaetano J ScuderiFrank Eismont
Apr 23, 2013·International Journal of Legal Medicine·Debra CarrElizabeth Girvan
Jul 27, 1999·The Journal of Trauma·T K Ganocy, R W Lindsey
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Mar 28, 2008·Der Unfallchirurg·P KobbeH Reilmann
Aug 5, 2009·The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume·Paul J DoughertySoheil Najibi

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