Learning from other autoimmunities to understand targeting of B cells to control multiple sclerosis

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
David BakerKlaus Schmierer

Abstract

Although many suspected autoimmune diseases are thought to be T cell-mediated, the response to therapy indicates that depletion of B cells consistently inhibits disease activity. In multiple sclerosis, it appears that disease suppression is associated with the long-term reduction of memory B cells, which serves as a biomarker for disease activity in many other CD20+ B cell depletion-sensitive, autoimmune diseases. Following B cell depletion, the rapid repopulation by transitional (immature) and naïve (mature) B cells from the bone marrow masks the marked depletion and slow repopulation of lymphoid tissue-derived, memory B cells. This can provide long-term protection from a short treatment cycle. It seems that memory B cells, possibly via T cell stimulation, drive relapsing disease. However, their sequestration in ectopic follicles and the chronic activity of B cells and plasma cells in the central nervous system may drive progressive neurodegeneration directly via antigen-specific mechanisms or indirectly via glial-dependent mechanisms. While unproven, Epstein-Barr virus may be an aetiological trigger of multiple sclerosis. This infects mature B cells, drives the production of memory B cells and possibly provides co-stimulatory...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 29, 2019·Annals of Neurology·Jamie van LangelaarMarvin M van Luijn
Oct 17, 2019·European Journal of Neurology : the Official Journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies·D BakerG Giovannoni
May 8, 2020·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Stephen L Hauser
Jul 17, 2020·Clinical and Experimental Immunology·D BakerS Amor
Aug 14, 2020·BioDrugs : Clinical Immunotherapeutics, Biopharmaceuticals and Gene Therapy·Leoni RolfesSven G Meuth
Sep 10, 2020·Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets·Roberta MagliozziMassimiliano Calabrese
Mar 19, 2020·Journal of Translational Medicine·Yang ZhouTao Jin
Jun 6, 2020·Neurology. Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation·Gauri SaxenaAngray S Kang
Jul 10, 2020·Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders·David BakerKlaus Schmierer
Jun 26, 2020·Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders·Virginia Meca-LallanaJosé Vivancos
Apr 13, 2021·Current Opinion in Neurology·Klaus SchmiererDavid Baker
Jun 15, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Ide SmetsAn Goris
Jun 15, 2021·Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders·David BakerGavin Giovannoni
Aug 17, 2021·Human Antibodies·David BakerAngray S Kang

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