PMID: 8989401Oct 1, 1995Paper

Learning of sequential movements in the monkey: process of learning and retention of memory

Journal of Neurophysiology
Okihide HikosakaK Miyashita

Abstract

1. To characterize procedural learning and memory, we devised a behavioral paradigm that allows us to examine the process of learning of new procedures, repeatedly and without serious difficulties for primate subjects. We trained two monkeys to perform a sequential button press task. Upon pressing of a home key, 2 of 16 (4 x 4 matrix) light-emitting diode (LED) buttons (called "set") were illuminated simultaneously, and the monkey had to press them in a predetermined order that he had to find out by trial-and-error. A total of five sets (called "hyperset") was presented in a fixed order for completion of a trial; an error at any set aborted the trial. A given hyperset was repeated as a block of experiment until 20 successful trials were performed. Monkeys PI and BO experienced 313 and 92 hypersets, respectively. Most of these hypersets were experienced only once (1 block of experiment); the others (28 hypersets for monkey PI and 14 hypersets for monkey BO) were chosen for extensive practice. 2. The learning, indicated as the decrease in the number of trials to criterion and the decrease in the performance time, proceeded at three levels: 1) short-term and sequence-selective learning that occurred by repeating a particular hyper...Continue Reading

Citations

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Oct 18, 2002·Epilepsia·Okihide Hikosaka
Apr 11, 2012·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Amir Dezfouli, Bernard W Balleine
Nov 13, 2013·Cognitive Science·Kanji Tanaka, Katsumi Watanabe
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