Learning strategies: a synthesis and conceptual model

NPJ Science of Learning
John A C Hattie, Gregory M Donoghue

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to explore a model of learning that proposes that various learning strategies are powerful at certain stages in the learning cycle. The model describes three inputs and outcomes (skill, will and thrill), success criteria, three phases of learning (surface, deep and transfer) and an acquiring and consolidation phase within each of the surface and deep phases. A synthesis of 228 meta-analyses led to the identification of the most effective strategies. The results indicate that there is a subset of strategies that are effective, but this effectiveness depends on the phase of the model in which they are implemented. Further, it is best not to run separate sessions on learning strategies but to embed the various strategies within the content of the subject, to be clearer about developing both surface and deep learning, and promoting their associated optimal strategies and to teach the skills of transfer of learning. The article concludes with a discussion of questions raised by the model that need further research.

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Citations

Dec 11, 2019·Advances in Physiology Education·Louise AinscoughKay Colthorpe
Sep 8, 2018·Advances in Physiology Education·Kay Louise ColthorpeLouise Ainscough
Jul 31, 2019·The Psychiatric Clinics of North America·Jeffrey HuntSandra Sexson
Jan 14, 2021·Teaching and Learning in Medicine·Susan WlodarczykChristy Boscardin
Mar 16, 2021·Anatomical Sciences Education·Chun Chung CheungGeorge L Tipoe
Apr 23, 2021·Advances in Physiology Education·Staci N Johnson, Eliza D Gallagher
May 2, 2021·BMC Medical Education·Nerea Fernández RosJose Ignacio Herrero
Mar 19, 2018··Sandra K. Milligan, Sandra K. Milligan
Jun 27, 2018··Carl HeathNiklas Carlborg

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PISA

Software Mentioned

Learning
CogMed
Visible
SOLO
Biggs
Visible Learning

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