Left-right lineage analysis of the embryonic Xenopus heart reveals a novel framework linking congenital cardiac defects and laterality disease

Development
Ann F RamsdellThomas C Trusk

Abstract

The significant morbidity and mortality associated with laterality disease almost always are attributed to complex congenital heart defects (CHDs), reflecting the extreme susceptibility of the developing heart to disturbances in the left-right (LR) body plan. To determine how LR positional information becomes ;translated' into anatomical asymmetry, left versus right side cardiomyocyte cell lineages were traced in normal and laterality defective embryos of the frog, Xenopus laevis. In normal embryos, myocytes in some regions of the heart were derived consistently from a unilateral lineage, whereas other regions were derived consistently from both left and right side lineages. However, in heterotaxic embryos experimentally induced by ectopic activation or attenuation of ALK4 signaling, hearts contained variable LR cell composition, not only compared with controls but also compared with hearts from other heterotaxic embryos. In most cases, LR cell lineage defects were associated with abnormal cardiac morphology and were preceded by abnormal Pitx2c expression in the lateral plate mesoderm. In situs inversus embryos there was a mirror image reversal in Pitx2c expression and LR lineage composition. Surprisingly, most of the embryos t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 27, 2007·ILAR Journal·Warren W Burggren, Stephen Warburton
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Dec 15, 2018·Development, Growth & Differentiation·Wataru KatanoKazuko Koshiba-Takeuchi
Apr 8, 2021·Genesis : the Journal of Genetics and Development·Rosemary M OnjikoSally A Moody

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