Left-sided and duplicate inferior vena cava: a case series and review

Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists
Wee Choen AngMark D Stringer

Abstract

Left-sided and duplicate inferior vena cava (IVC) are two major anatomical variants within the spectrum of IVC malformations, both of which are developmental abnormalities of the supracardinal veins. Four clinical cases are described to highlight the computed tomographic appearances of these vascular malformations and provide novel data on venous dimensions. A systematic review of the recent literature (2000-2011) was conducted focusing on the anatomy, demographics, and associated pathology (congenital and acquired) of isolated left-sided and duplicate IVC. A total of 73 relevant articles were retrieved, consisting of case reports and small case series. The prevalence of left-sided IVC is about 0.1-0.4% and that for duplicate IVC about 0.3-0.4%; both anomalies show a slight male preponderance. In each condition, there are documented variations in the course and tributaries of the IVC. The clinical importance of these anomalies lies in three principal areas: the potential for misdiagnosis on imaging; technical difficulties during retroperitoneal surgery (particularly abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and live donor nephrectomy); and their significance in relation to the etiology and management of venous thromboembolism.

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Citations

Jul 22, 2014·Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists·Georgios SpentzourisMarios Loukas
Apr 2, 2014·Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists·Robert Grubb
Apr 13, 2017·Journal of cardiovascular ultrasound·Jun ShiraishiTakahisa Sawada
Feb 16, 2018·Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery·Hideto OzawaHajime Ichikawa
Feb 15, 2013·Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists·Bojan V StimecJean H D Fasel
May 9, 2014·Journal of Biomechanical Engineering·Kenneth I AycockBrent A Craven
Feb 2, 2021·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·R CharachD V Valsky
Jul 23, 2021·Jornal Vascular Brasileiro·Fabio Henrique RossiAntônio Massamitsu Kambara
Feb 26, 2020·Journal of Vascular Surgery Cases and Innovative Techniques·Winona W WuMatthew T Menard

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