Length and elasticity of side reins affect rein tension at trot

The Veterinary Journal
H M ClaytonM Lavagnino

Abstract

This study investigated the horse's contribution to tension in the reins. The experimental hypotheses were that tension in side reins (1) increases biphasically in each trot stride, (2) changes inversely with rein length, and (3) changes with elasticity of the reins. Eight riding horses trotted in hand at consistent speed in a straight line wearing a bit and bridle and three types of side reins (inelastic, stiff elastic, compliant elastic) were evaluated in random order at long, neutral, and short lengths. Strain gauge transducers (240 Hz) measured minimal, maximal and mean rein tension, rate of loading and impulse. The effects of rein type and length were evaluated using ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests. Rein tension oscillated in a regular pattern with a peak during each diagonal stance phase. Within each rein type, minimal, maximal and mean tensions were higher with shorter reins. At neutral or short lengths, minimal tension increased and maximal tension decreased with elasticity of the reins. Short, inelastic reins had the highest maximal tension and rate of loading. Since the tension variables respond differently to rein elasticity at different lengths, it is recommended that a set of variables representing different a...Continue Reading

References

May 1, 1989·Equine Veterinary Journal·H M Clayton, H G Townsend
Jun 1, 1997·Journal of Biomechanics·H H BuchnerA Barneveld
Nov 4, 2000·The Veterinary Journal·H H BuchnerM Scheidl
Dec 13, 2006·The Veterinary Journal·Paul D McGreevy
May 27, 2011·Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement·H M ClaytonN C Stubbs

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 31, 2015·Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica·Agneta EgenvallRené van Weeren
Nov 26, 2010·The Veterinary Journal·P D McGreevy
Oct 26, 2013·The Veterinary Journal·M EisersiöA Egenvall
Dec 24, 2013·The Veterinary Journal·C PehamB Bockstahler
Feb 13, 2014·Physiology & Behavior·J W ChristensenM VanDierendonck
Sep 25, 2019·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Agneta EgenvallAnna Byström
Feb 14, 2020·Scientific Reports·Silvio KauChristian Peham
Dec 11, 2019·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Malgorzata MaśkoZdzislaw Gajewski
Jan 11, 2020·Behavioural Processes·M StompC Lesimple
May 1, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Sue Dyson, Danica Pollard
May 25, 2021·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Marie EisersiöAgneta Egenvall
Aug 8, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Heidrun GehlenChrista Thöne-Reineke

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.