Leprosy type 1 reaction (formerly reversal reaction)

Clinics in Dermatology
B Naafs, Colette L M van Hees

Abstract

Nerve damage leading to impairment and permanent disability is the major problem in the course of a leprosy infection. Most of the damage occurs during two types of leprosy reactions, type 1 reaction (T1R) and type 2 reaction (T2R). Timely and adequate treatment may prevent this damage. Particular T1R reactions, however, are often diagnosed too late and are even missed. Clinical symptoms and warning signs are therefore covered, as are the immunology and pathophysiology of nerve damage. The differences between upgrading and downgrading, old terms but still relevant, are explained. Methods to detect reactions and to monitor their treatment are given. Triggering factors, the mechanisms of the reactions, including autoimmunity, and the presence of physical compression are discussed. Treatment over the years is placed in its context, and based on this information a treatment schedule is recommended.

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Citations

Jan 17, 2016·Clinics in Dermatology·Andrzej Grzybowski, Marcos Virmond
Oct 21, 2016·Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz·Maria Renata Sales NogueiraMaria Esther Salles Nogueira
Sep 13, 2019·International Journal of Mycobacteriology·Surabhi SinhaMadhvi Ahuja
Mar 19, 2020·International Journal of Dermatology·Neha ChandanCarlotta Hill
Nov 12, 2019·Tropical Doctor·Kabir SardanaMadhvi Ahuja
May 7, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Zihao MiFuren Zhang
Mar 27, 2020·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Diba Ahmadi Rastegar, Nicolas Dzamko
Apr 30, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Deng-Feng ZhangYong-Gang Yao
Apr 5, 2019·Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·W Alemu Belachew, B Naafs
Apr 4, 2020·Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·Mayra B C MaymoneRobert P Dellavalle
Aug 25, 2021·BMC Infectious Diseases·Louise Mara GieselMarcia Rodrigues Jardim

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