Lessons learned from successful human vaccines: Delineating key epitopes by dissecting the capsid proteins

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Xiao ZhangQinjian Zhao

Abstract

Recombinant VLP-based vaccines have been successfully used against 3 diseases caused by viral infections: Hepatitis B, cervical cancer and hepatitis E. The VLP approach is attracting increasing attention in vaccine design and development for human and veterinary use. This review summarizes the clinically relevant epitopes on the VLP antigens in successful human vaccines. These virion-like epitopes, which can be delineated with molecular biology, cryo-electron microscopy and x-ray crystallographic methods, are the prerequisites for these efficacious vaccines to elicit functional antibodies. The critical epitopes and key factors influencing these epitopes are discussed for the HEV, HPV and HBV vaccines. A pentamer (for HPV) or a dimer (for HEV and HBV), rather than a monomer, is the basic building block harboring critical epitopes for the assembly of VLP antigen. The processing and formulation of VLP-based vaccines need to be developed to promote the formation and stabilization of these epitopes in the recombinant antigens. Delineating the critical epitopes is essential for antigen design in the early phase of vaccine development and for critical quality attribute analysis in the commercial phase of vaccine manufacturing.

References

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Citations

Jan 19, 2016·Expert Review of Vaccines·Xin WangQinjian Zhao
Dec 18, 2015·Reviews in Medical Virology·Xiao ZhangQinjian Zhao
May 18, 2016·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Xing WuZhenglun Liang
Oct 20, 2017·Reviews in Medical Virology·Harish Changotra, Avni Vij
Nov 16, 2017·Microbial Cell Factories·Nouredine BehloulJihong Meng
Nov 14, 2017·Biotechnology and Bioengineering·Jong Yun HanEui-Sung Choi
Jan 23, 2019·FEMS Yeast Research·Ravinder Kumar, Piyush Kumar
Jan 16, 2018·Bioanalysis·Thorsten VerchMary Shank-Retzlaff
Jan 30, 2020·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Bin HeQinjian Zhao
May 1, 2020·Viruses·Jerri C CaldeiraFederica Cavallo
Dec 22, 2017·NPJ Vaccines·Xiaofen HuangQinjian Zhao
Aug 4, 2019·Daru : Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences·Pravin Shende, Vasavi Basarkar
Sep 7, 2020·Journal of Immunological Methods·Jennifer DoeringNicholas J Mantis
Jan 7, 2020·International Journal of Pharmaceutics·Jana VáňováHana Španielová
Feb 16, 2021·Advanced Materials·Eunjung KimSeungjoo Haam
Sep 14, 2017·ACS Nano·Parker W LeeJonathan K Pokorski
Sep 4, 2020·Biomacromolecules·Stephanie A RobinsonDanielle Tullman-Ercek

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
xenograft
dynamic
transmission
atomic force microscopy
electron microscopy
X-ray
ELISA

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