Lessons learned from the blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy

Journal of Hematology & Oncology
Xiaolei LiWeidong Han

Abstract

The advent of immunotherapy, especially checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy, has provided novel and powerful weapons against cancer. Because only a subset of cancer patients exhibit durable responses, further exploration of the mechanisms underlying the resistance to immunotherapy in the bulk of cancer patients is merited. Such efforts may help to identify which patients could benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. Given the existence of a great number of pathways by which cancer can escape immune surveillance, and the complexity of tumor-immune system interaction, development of various combination therapies, including those that combine with conventional therapies, would be necessary. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms by which resistance to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy occurs, and outline how actionable combination strategies may be derived to improve clinical outcomes for patients.

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
oncotherapy
ubiquitination
biopsies
transgenic
biopsy

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT01968109
NCT01714739
NCT01750580
NCT01656642
NCT02224781
NCT02571725
NCT02734004
NCT02953457
NCT02484404
NCT02657889

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