Let's call the whole thing off: evaluating gender and sex differences in executive function

Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
Nicola M Grissom, Teresa M Reyes

Abstract

The executive functions allow for purposeful, deliberate, and intentional interactions with the world-attention and focus, impulse control, decision making, and working memory. These measures have been correlated with academic outcomes and quality of life, and are impacted by deleterious environmental events throughout the life span, including gestational and early life insults. This review will address the topic of sex differences in executive function including a discussion of differences arising in response to developmental programming. Work on gender differences in human studies and sex differences in animal research will be reviewed. Overall, we find little support for significant gender or sex differences in executive function. An important variable that factors into the interpretation of potential sex differences include differing developmental trajectories. We conclude by discussing future directions for the field and a brief discussion of biological mechanisms.

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Citations

Oct 27, 2018·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Tracy L Bale
Jul 21, 2020·Current Protocols in Neuroscience·Caitlin A Orsini, Nicholas W Simon
Jul 26, 2019·Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience·Tara G ChowdhuryBita Moghaddam
Nov 23, 2019·Journal of Behavioral Medicine·Jasmin E Guevara, Kyle W Murdock
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Nov 21, 2019·Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition·Agustín R MirandaElio A Soria
Jul 1, 2020·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Annie DuchesneGillian Einstein
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Feb 11, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Giulia FicheraChiara Giraudo
Dec 8, 2020·Journal of Physical Therapy Science·Deema BitarMennatallah Adel
Jan 16, 2021·Scientific Reports·Heather J FergusonElisabeth E F Bradford
Sep 13, 2020·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Caitlin A OrsiniBarry Setlow
Nov 30, 2019·Hormones and Behavior·Kristen DelevichLinda Wilbrecht
Mar 13, 2021·Frontiers in Psychology·Pablo I BurgosMarjorie Woollacott
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