Letter identification and the neural image classifier

Journal of Vision
Andrew B Watson, Albert J Ahumada

Abstract

Letter identification is an important visual task for both practical and theoretical reasons. To extend and test existing models, we have reviewed published data for contrast sensitivity for letter identification as a function of size and have also collected new data. Contrast sensitivity increases rapidly from the acuity limit but slows and asymptotes at a symbol size of about 1 degree. We recast these data in terms of contrast difference energy: the average of the squared distances between the letter images and the average letter image. In terms of sensitivity to contrast difference energy, and thus visual efficiency, there is a peak around ¼ degree, followed by a marked decline at larger sizes. These results are explained by a Neural Image Classifier model that includes optical filtering and retinal neural filtering, sampling, and noise, followed by an optimal classifier. As letters are enlarged, sensitivity declines because of the increasing size and spacing of the midget retinal ganglion cell receptive fields in the periphery.

Citations

Apr 5, 2017·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·William B ThompsonQuan Lei
Jan 30, 2016·Perception·Junji Ohyama, Ken Sagawa
Jul 10, 2020·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Rong Liu, MiYoung Kwon
Jan 31, 2020·Scientific Reports·Yena HanTomaso Poggio
Sep 13, 2021·Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry·Charles E LerouxFabrice Bardin

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