Levels and sources of PAHs in selected sites from Portugal: biomonitoring with Pinus pinea and Pinus pinaster needles

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Nuno RatolaArminda Alves

Abstract

Pine needle samples from two pine species (Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus pinea L.) were collected at 29 sites scattered throughout Portugal, in order to biomonitor the levels and trends of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The values obtained for the sum of all PAHs ranged from 76 to 1944 ng/g [dry weight (dw)]. Despite the apparent matrix similarities between both pine species, P. pinaster needles revealed higher mean entrapment levels than P. pinea (748 and 399 ng/g (dw) per site, respectively). The urban and industrial sites have the highest average of PAH incidence [for P. pinea, 465 and 433 ng/g (dw) per site, respectively, and for P. pinaster, 1147 and 915 ng/g (dw)], followed by the rural sites [233 ng/g and 711 ng/g (dw) per site, for P. pinea and P. pinaster, respectively]. The remote sites, both from P. pinaster needles, show the least contamination, with 77 ng/g (dw) per site. A predominance of 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs was observed in most samples, with phenanthrene having 30.1% of the total. Naphthalene prevailed in remote sites. Rainfall had no influence on the PAHs levels, but there was a relationship between higher wind speeds and lower concentrations. PAH molecular ratios revealed the influence of both p...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 6, 2012·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Nuno RatolaArminda Alves
Apr 6, 2011·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Nuno RatolaDamià Barceló
Sep 13, 2011·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Alícia Navarro-OrtegaDamià Barceló
Feb 12, 2013·Environmental Technology·Rita AraújoArminda Alves
Sep 24, 2013·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Justyna Rybak, Teresa Olejniczak
Jan 28, 2014·The Science of the Total Environment·Nuno RatolaArminda Alves
Sep 17, 2015·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Nuno Ratola, Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero
Mar 22, 2015·Journal of Environmental Management·Raquel Fernández-VarelaJosé Manuel Amigo
Jan 17, 2012·Environmental Pollution·Marek Tobiszewski, Jacek Namieśnik
Feb 11, 2020·Environmental Geochemistry and Health·Vishnu RajputSvetlana Sushkova
May 10, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Shaojian HuangXiaoshan Zhang
Feb 25, 2017·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Jing LiangXingxiang Wang
Apr 10, 2021·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Sevil Çalişkan Eleren, Yücel Tasdemir

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