Life cycle of an electropore: field-dependent and field-independent steps in pore creation and annihilation.

The Journal of Membrane Biology
Zachary A Levine, P Thomas Vernier

Abstract

Electropermeabilization, an electric field-induced modification of the barrier functions of the cell membrane, is widely used in laboratories and increasingly in the clinic; but the mechanisms and physical structures associated with the electromanipulation of membrane permeability have not been definitively characterized. Indirect experimental observations of electrical conductance and small molecule transport as well as molecular dynamics simulations have led to models in which hydrophilic pores form in phospholipid bilayers with increased probability in the presence of an electric field. Presently available methods do not permit the direct, nanoscale examination of electroporated membranes that would confirm the existence of these structures. To facilitate the reconciliation of poration models with the observed properties of electropermeabilized lipid bilayers and cell membranes, we propose a scheme for characterizing the stages of electropore formation and resealing. This electropore life cycle, based on molecular dynamics simulations of phospholipid bilayers, defines a sequence of discrete steps in the electric field-driven restructuring of the membrane that leads to the formation of a head group-lined, aqueous pore and the...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 21, 2012·The Journal of Membrane Biology·Zachary A Levine, P Thomas Vernier
Jul 20, 2012·The Journal of Membrane Biology·Andraž PolakPeter Kramar
Jun 13, 2012·Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research·Richard NuccitelliEdward C De Fabo
Apr 18, 2013·PloS One·Mayya TokmanP Thomas Vernier
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Jan 28, 2014·Bioelectrochemistry·Andraž PolakDamijan Miklavčič
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Mar 2, 2016·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Zachary A LevineP Thomas Vernier
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May 7, 2013·The Journal of Membrane Biology·Ming-Chak HoP Thomas Vernier
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Aug 19, 2016·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·Erick K MoenAndrea M Armani
Nov 25, 2017·The Journal of Membrane Biology·M Laura FernándezP Thomas Vernier

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