Ligaments of the Face: Past, Present, and Future

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
Kun Hwang, Jeongho Choi

Abstract

The aim of this study is to search for the origin of the term "ligament' in the face, present its status, and suggest a principle to rectify the use of unclear terminology.The structure that connects the zygoma to the skin was first presented by McGregor (1959). Kaye (1981), in describing his "extended facelift," wrote that the adherent area of the cheek over the malar eminence (McGregor's patch) usually requires sharp dissection. Bosse (1987) reported that the zygomatic ligament is quite solidly bound to the malar eminence and usually requires sharp dissection to release it. The origin of the term was introduced later by Furnas, who stated that when Preddy, a medical artist, prepared drawings for McGregor's slide presentations, she insisted on naming it "McGregor's patch." With the idea that "perhaps" the "retaining ligaments" of the face share a teleologic kinship with Cleland's ligaments or Grayson's ligaments of the hands, Furnas (1989) observed the structure that anchors the skin of the cheek to the inferior border of the zygoma just posterior to the origin of the zygomaticus minor muscle, and named it "the zygomatic ligaments." Subsequently, numerous articles have been published using different terminologies that cause co...Continue Reading

References

Mar 1, 1992·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·J M StuzinH L Gordon
Jan 1, 1989·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·D W Furnas
May 1, 1981·Annals of Plastic Surgery·B L Kaye
Jan 10, 2008·Aesthetic Plastic Surgery·Bryan C MendelsonRichard J Huggins
Jun 4, 2008·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Kun HwangSeung Ho Han
Jun 4, 2008·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Kun HwangSeung Ho Han
Oct 1, 2011·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Kun HwangYeon Soo Kim
Nov 21, 2012·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Justin X O'BrienBryan C Mendelson
Jul 16, 2013·Aesthetic Surgery Journal·Mohammed Alghoul, Mark A Codner
Jul 22, 2017·Archives of Plastic Surgery·Yeui Seok SeoJoo Heon Lee

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Citations

Apr 6, 2019·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Jing ZhouXiaolei Jin
Jul 14, 2019·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Jing ZhouXiaolei Jin

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