Linear Cutting Trepanation in Italy: A Unique Case from Hellenistic Sicily (Third Century BC)

World Neurosurgery
Giorgia TulumelloValentina Giuffra

Abstract

During the archaeological excavations conducted in the Hellenistic necropolis discovered in Messina (Sicily, Italy) dating back to the 3rd century BC., a skeleton showing evidence of cranial traumas and surgical intervention was found. The skull, belonging to a young adult male, presented signs of 4 head injuries produced by both blunt and sharp-edged instruments. The first 2 lesions, located on the frontal bone, were produced by blunt blows and showed signs of long-term survival. The third lesion, located on the inferior portion of the right parietal, suggests a perimortem nonpenetrating linear cut likely caused by a blade instrument. Finally, a rectangular bone loss is visible on the left parietal bone, involving the full cranial thickness with well-delimited cutting edges and no sign of a reparative process. This injury can be interpreted as the result of a trepanation, performed with the technique defined as "linear cutting" and obtained through 4 linear incisions in parallel pairs intersecting at the right angles. The trepanation is likely related to the multiple head injuries exhibited by the patient, who unfortunately did not survive the surgical intervention. Trepanation in Italy has been largely attested since Prehisto...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 5, 2021·World Neurosurgery·Fabiola ArenaEmanuela Gualdi-Russo

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