PMID: 8587941Nov 1, 1995Paper

Linear dimension reduction of sequences of medical images: II. Direct sum decomposition

Physics in Medicine and Biology
F HermansenA A Lammertsma

Abstract

Using unitary transformations together with a previously described statistical theory for optimal linear dimension reduction it is shown how pixels in a sequence of images can be decomposed into a sum of variates, covariates, and residual vectors, with all covariances equal to zero. It is demonstrated that this decomposition is optimal with respect to noise. In addition, it results in simplified and well conditioned equations for dimension reduction and elimination of covariates. The factor images are not degraded by subdivision of the time intervals. In contrast to traditional factor analysis, the factors can be measured directly or calculated based on physiological models. This procedure not only solves the rotation problem associated with factor analysis, but also eliminates the need for calculation of the principal components altogether. Examples are given of factor images of the heart, generated from a dynamic study using oxygen-15-labelled water and positron emission tomography. As a special application of the method, it is shown that the factor images may reveal any contamination of the blood curve derived from the original dynamic images with myocardial activity.

References

Feb 1, 1992·Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement : an Official Journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft Für Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics·A A LammertsmaT Jones
Jan 1, 1989·European Journal of Nuclear Medicine·T SpinksM Gilardi
Aug 1, 1987·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·W R MartinM E Raichle
Mar 1, 1987·Physics in Medicine and Biology·M SámalZ Dienstbier
Oct 1, 1986·Physics in Medicine and Biology·K S Nijran, D C Barber
Jan 1, 1984·Annals of Neurology·E J HoffmanM E Phelps
Nov 1, 1995·Physics in Medicine and Biology·F Hermansen, A A Lammertsma

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Citations

Jun 6, 2006·Journal of Nuclear Cardiology : Official Publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology·Rohan JagathesanPaolo G Camici
Nov 16, 2007·Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN·Christopher W McIntyrePaolo G Camici
Jul 1, 2015·European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging·Roberto SciagràAlberto Pupi
Nov 1, 1995·Physics in Medicine and Biology·F Hermansen, A A Lammertsma
Dec 10, 1999·Physics in Medicine and Biology·M SámalH Bergmann
Aug 1, 1996·Physics in Medicine and Biology·F Hermansen, A A Lammertsma

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