Link between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease: from epidemiology to mechanism and treatment

Clinical Interventions in Aging
Xiaohua LiSean X Leng

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the epidemiological evidence linking type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related conditions, including obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and metabolic syndrome, to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several mechanisms could help to explain this proposed link; however, our focus is on insulin resistance and deficiency. Studies have shown that insulin resistance and deficiency can interact with amyloid-β protein and tau protein phosphorylation, each leading to the onset and development of AD. Based on those epidemiological data and basic research, it was recently proposed that AD can be considered as "type 3 diabetes". Special attention has been paid to determining whether antidiabetic agents might be effective in treating AD. There has been much research both experimental and clinical on this topic. We mainly discuss the clinical trials on insulin, metformin, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in the treatment of AD. Although the results of these trials seem to be contradictory, this approach is also full of promise. It is worth mentioning that the therapeutic effects of these drugs are influenced by the apolipoprotein E ...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 21, 2016·Annals of Medicine·Olga PivovarovaNatalia Rudovich
Nov 28, 2016·Molecular Neurobiology·Marta SochockaJerzy Leszek
Aug 19, 2015·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Mingzhen ZhangJie Zheng
Feb 15, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Aditi WagleJae Sue Choi
Feb 23, 2019·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Maryam RezazadehJalal Gharesouran
May 29, 2018·Reviews in the Neurosciences·Ghazaleh KheiriNima Rezaei
Nov 8, 2018·The Journal of Endocrinology·Te DuXu Shen
Oct 21, 2016·Journal of Internal Medicine·E M Ribe, S Lovestone
Sep 22, 2018·Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology·Matthew G IadanzaSheena E Radford
Mar 29, 2019·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Kirsty M PorterHelene McNulty
Oct 18, 2019·Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry : JBIC : a Publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry·Ishita PalSomdatta Ghosh Dey
Feb 26, 2019·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Rongzi LiJeganathan Ramesh Babu
May 11, 2019·Journal of Biomedical Science·Marcos Vinícius Ferreira SilvaMaria das Graças Carvalho
May 28, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Martin H LundqvistJan W Eriksson
Jul 25, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Fan HongYonggong Zhai
Nov 3, 2016·Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry·Giuseppe CarusoVincenzo G Nicoletti
Oct 13, 2017·Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·S AlfordC S Mantzoros
Jun 29, 2018·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Shreyasi Chatterjee, Amritpal Mudher
Dec 11, 2019·Drug Development Research·Kavya JashKiran Kalia
Aug 21, 2019·BioMed Research International·Anna Rorbach-Dolata, Agnieszka Piwowar
Mar 7, 2020·Microbial Cell Factories·Zhao ZhouQipeng Yuan
May 22, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Laura Poupon-BejuitAhad A Rahim
Jul 12, 2019·Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience·George A Edwards IiiInes Moreno-Gonzalez
Mar 7, 2020·Scientific Reports·Zixin HuMomiao Xiong

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
pharmacotherapy

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT00428090
NCT01255163
NCT01843075

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Cardiovascular Biology of GLP-1

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) plays a role in glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis, and inflammation suppression. GLP-1 receptor signaling has been shown to impact cardiovascular function. This feed focuses on the role of GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular biology.

Alzheimer's Disease: APOE

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphic alleles are major genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Discover the latest research on APOE and other genetic determinants of Alzheimer's disease here.

ApoE Phenotypes

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a protein involved in fat metabolism and associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease. Here is the latest research on APOE phenotypes.

Alzheimer's Disease: APP

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) proteolysis is critical for the development of Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disease associated with accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain. Here is the latest research on APP and Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's Disease: Tau & TDP-43

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease. This feed focuses on the underlying role of tau proteins and TAR DNA-binding protein 43, as well as other genetic factors, in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's Disease: Amyloid Beta

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease associated with the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain; these plaques are comprised of amyloid beta deposits. Here is the latest research in this field.