Linking sex differences to the evolution of infectious disease life-histories

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
Matthew D Hall, Nicole Mideo

Abstract

Sex differences in the prevalence, course and severity of infection are widespread, yet the evolutionary consequences of these differences remain unclear. Understanding how male-female differences affect the trajectory of infectious disease requires connecting the contrasting dynamics that pathogens might experience within each sex to the number of susceptible and infected individuals that are circulating in a population. In this study, we build on theory using genetic covariance functions to link the growth of a pathogen within a host to the evolution and spread of disease between individuals. Using the Daphnia-Pasteuria system as a test case, we show that on the basis of within-host dynamics alone, females seem to be more evolutionarily liable for the pathogen, with higher spore loads and greater divergence among pathogen genotypes as infection progresses. Between-host transmission, however, appears to offset the lower performance of a pathogen within a male host, making even subtle differences between the sexes evolutionarily relevant, as long as the selection generated by the between-host dynamics is sufficiently strong. Our model suggests that relatively simple differences in within-host processes occurring in males and fe...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 20, 2019·Biology Letters·Louise Solveig NørgaardMatthew D Hall
Jul 10, 2019·Molecular Ecology·Matthew D HallDieter Ebert
May 31, 2019·Global Change Biology·Tobias E HectorMatthew D Hall
Jun 9, 2020·Journal of Evolutionary Biology·Tobias E HectorMatthew D Hall
May 22, 2019·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Stephen A Y GipsonMatthew D Hall
Aug 29, 2018·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Tim ConnallonXiang-Yi Li
Dec 12, 2020·Ecology and Evolution·Tess LaidlawMatthew D Hall
May 16, 2021·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Stephen P De Lisle, Daniel I Bolnick
Jun 16, 2021·Biology Letters·Tobias E HectorMatthew D Hall

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