Linking the gut and liver: crosstalk between regulatory T cells and mucosa-associated invariant T cells.

Hepatology International
Muhammad AtifYe H Oo

Abstract

The gut-liver axis is increasingly considered to play a vital part in the progression of chronic inflammatory gut and liver diseases. Hence, a detailed understanding of the local and systemic regulatory mechanisms is crucial to develop novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss in-depth the roles of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs) within the context of inflammatory bowel disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Tregs are crucial in maintaining peripheral tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. MAIT cells have a unique ability to rapidly recognize microbial metabolites and mount a local immune response and act as a 'biliary firewall' at the gut and biliary epithelial barrier. We also outline how current knowledge can be exploited to develop novel therapies to control the propagation of chronic gut- and liver-related inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. We specifically focus on the nature of the Tregs' cell therapy product and outline an adjunctive role for low-dose IL-2. All in all, it is clear that translational immunology is at crucial crossroads. The success of ongoing clinical trials in cellular therapies for inflammatory gut and l...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 11, 2019·Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Aliya F Gulamhusein, Gideon M Hirschfield
Sep 5, 2020·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Hong XueZhao-Lian Bian
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Apr 4, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Robert RingseisGerald Reiner
Oct 19, 2021·Cell Biology International·Jiuheng YinHua Yang

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
dissection

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT03185000

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