Literally Green Chemical Synthesis of Artemisinin from Plant Extracts

Angewandte Chemie
Susann TriemerAndreas Seidel-Morgenstern

Abstract

Active pharmaceutical ingredients are either extracted from biological sources-where they are synthesized in complex, dynamic environments-or prepared in stepwise chemical syntheses by reacting pure reagents and catalysts under controlled conditions. A combination of these two approaches, where plant extracts containing reagents and catalysts are utilized in intensified chemical syntheses, creates expedient and sustainable processes. We illustrate this principle by reacting crude plant extract, oxygen, acid, and light to produce artemisinin, a key active pharmaceutical ingredient of the most powerful antimalarial drugs. The traditionally discarded extract of Artemisia annua plants contains dihydroartemisinic acid-the final biosynthetic precursor-as well as chlorophyll, which acts as a photosensitizer. Efficient irradiation with visible light in a continuous-flow setup produces artemisinin in high yield, and the artificial biosynthetic process outperforms syntheses with pure reagents.

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Citations

Mar 21, 2020·Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering·Heike Lorenz, Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern
May 20, 2020·Chemistry : a European Journal·Thomas H Rehm
May 29, 2020·Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry·Rodrigo Costa E SilvaKleber Thiago de Oliveira
Nov 4, 2020·Chemical Society Reviews·Mara GuidiKerry Gilmore
Jan 29, 2021·European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·Om P S PatelLesetja J Legoabe
May 14, 2021·The Journal of Organic Chemistry·Andrea ZanettiJanine Cossy
Jul 10, 2020·The Journal of Organic Chemistry·Geoffrey SchwertzJanine Cossy
Oct 19, 2021·Frontiers in Plant Science·Tingyu MaShilin Chen

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