Livedo racemosa in neurological diseases: an update on the differential diagnoses.

European Journal of Neurology : the Official Journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies
F MitriMarkus Kraemer

Abstract

Livedo is a net-like violaceous skin pattern. It can be classified as physiological or pathological. The physiological livedo reticularis usually appears in cold conditions, whereas the pathological and irregular livedo, which persists in warm temperatures, is often labeled as 'livedo racemosa'. Some neurological pathologies are associated with livedo, most commonly those with an inflammatory component or those derived from systemic disorders. The present review summarizes the most important central and peripheral neurological diseases in pediatric and adult age groups associated with livedo, providing physicians with an overview of the clinical presentation, etiology, diagnosis and management of these conditions.

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Citations

Jan 25, 2021·European Journal of Neurology : the Official Journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies·Fouad MitriMarkus Kraemer
Apr 10, 2021·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·Markus Kraemer, Peter Berlit

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