Liver of the "visible man"

Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists
J H FaselP Gailloud

Abstract

Endoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive surgery, is presumed drastically to reduce postoperative morbidity and thus to offer both human and economic benefits. For the surgeon, however, this approach leads to a number of gestural challenges that require extensive training to be mastered. In order to replace experimentation on animals and patients, we developed a simulator for endoscopic surgery. To achieve this goal, a first step was to develop a working prototype, a "standard patient," on which the informatic and microengineering tools could be validated. We used the visible man dataset for this purpose. The external shape of the visible man's liver, his biliary passages, and his extrahepatic portal system turned out to be fully within the standard pattern of normal anatomy. Anatomic variations were observed in the intrahepatic right portal vein, the hepatic veins, and the arterial blood supply to the liver. Thus, the visible man dataset reveals itself to be well suited for the simulation of minimally invasive surgical operation such as endoscopic cholecystectomy.

References

Nov 1, 1976·The British Journal of Surgery·E A Benson, R E Page
Jun 1, 1992·American Journal of Surgery·C E Scott-Conner, T J Hall
Jun 1, 1992·American Journal of Surgery·T B HughB Li
Jan 1, 1990·Current Problems in Surgery·A B MarxF H Harder
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Mar 1, 1993·Surgical Endoscopy·B M WolfeJ G Hunter
Jan 1, 1951·Acta Anatomica·C H HJORTSJO
Jan 1, 1952·The American Journal of Anatomy·H ELIAS, D PETTY

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Citations

Dec 18, 2002·Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists·Holger Jastrow, Lutz Vollrath
Jul 23, 2013·Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA·Li LouXiang Tao Lin

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