Localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the central nervous system and a peripheral chemosensory organ of Aplysia californica

General and Comparative Endocrinology
Pei-San TsaiJason B Lunden

Abstract

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a neurohormone crucial for the regulation of reproductive and neural functions in vertebrates. Recent discoveries of GnRH immunoreactivity (IR) in a number of invertebrates raised the possibility that GnRH may be an ancient molecule that had arisen before the emergence of Phylum Chordata. We previously demonstrated the presence of a GnRH IR similar to the mammalian (m) and tunicate I (tI) forms of GnRH in the hemolymph and ovotestis of an opisthobranch mollusk, Aplysia californica; however, the presence of GnRH in the central nervous system (CNS) of A. californica could not be detected with the available antisera against various forms of chordate GnRH. In the present study, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to localize the presence of GnRH in the CNS and a peripheral chemosensory organ, the osphradium, of A. californica. A newly generated antiserum against tI-GnRH revealed the strong expression of GnRH IR in neurons of all CNS ganglia. A notable asymmetry in immunostaining was detected in the left and right abdominal hemiganglia. The CNS is rich in tI-GnRH immunoreactive neurons but lacks mGnRH IR, whereas the osphradium contains abundant mGnRH immunoreactive neurons but lacks tI-G...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 18, 2012·General and Comparative Endocrinology·Makoto Osada, Nicholas Treen
Aug 16, 2008·Peptides·Carlo Di CristoAnna Di Cosmo
Aug 12, 2008·Peptides·Carlo Di CristoAnna Di Cosmo
Mar 14, 2007·General and Comparative Endocrinology·O KahJ J Lareyre
Jan 22, 2014·Microscopy Research and Technique·Parinyaporn NuuraiPrasert Sobhon
Jun 20, 2006·General and Comparative Endocrinology·Masaaki KajiwaraYuji Takahashi
Nov 1, 2005·General and Comparative Endocrinology·Pei-San Tsai
Aug 31, 2006·Molecular Reproduction and Development·Satoshi NakamuraAkihiro Kijima

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