Abstract
Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) is induced by delivery of electrical stimulation contingent upon a response such as bar pressing. This procedure has been widely used to investigate the brain reward system. Recent investigations, however, have noted that non-contingent electrical stimulation, also called experimenter applied stimulation (EAS), produces a unique set of locomotion behaviors that appear to be related to ICSS, and that these behaviors resemble locomotion similar to those elicited by dopamine enhancing drugs. However, little is known about the general characteristics of EAS-induced locomotion. While ICSS appears to be robust, long lasting, and highly rewarding in that the rat will invest vast amounts of time or energy to obtain the electrical stimulation, these parameters have not been explored for EAS. Moreover, the dopamine dependence of EAS-evoked locomotion is also not firmly established. Thus, the present study investigated dopamine dependence and general characteristics of the EAS-induced locomotion to determine its similarity to ICSS. Results suggested that motor and limbic systems were strongly activated by non-contingent EAS, and that the resulting locomotion was dopamine dependent, robust, continued ac...Continue Reading
References
Aug 1, 1978·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·J H Fallon, R Y Moore
Jan 1, 1992·Psychopharmacology·L D McCullough, J D Salamone
Feb 1, 1991·Physiology & Behavior·R DepoortereG Di Scala
Jul 1, 1988·Analytical Chemistry·J E BaurR M Wightman
May 1, 1969·Psychological Review·J A TrowillR Gandelman
May 1, 1972·Neuropharmacology·B CostallJ E Olley
Aug 23, 1968·Science·B R Komisaruk, J Olds
Oct 1, 1984·European Journal of Pharmacology·A J BradburyR J Naylor
Jan 1, 1982·Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes·W TimberlakeD King
Jul 15, 1994·The Journal of Physiology·P A Garris, R M Wightman
May 31, 1993·Behavioural Brain Research·M A Castro-Alamancos, J Borrell
Feb 1, 1996·Nature·J Mirenowicz, W Schultz
Jan 1, 1996·Annual Review of Neuroscience·R A Wise
Jan 1, 1997·Neuropsychobiology·M L BrandãoG Sandner
May 1, 1997·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·J D SalamoneB J Snyder
Jan 24, 1998·Brain Research·G V RebecM T Bardo
Dec 22, 1998·Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews·K C Berridge, T E Robinson
Dec 28, 1999·Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews·S Ikemoto, J Panksepp
Mar 23, 2000·Neuroscience·J C Horvitz
Feb 13, 2001·Journal of Neuroscience Methods·L Yavich, J Tiihonen
Feb 14, 1958·Science·J OLDS
Oct 23, 2004·Behavioural Processes·Valeri Farmer-DouganPaul A Garris
Apr 1, 1948·Journal of Experimental Psychology·B F SKINNER
Citations
Oct 4, 2007·Behavioural Pharmacology·Yuliya BorreValeri Farmer-Dougan
Apr 27, 2010·Behavioural Processes·Maan-Gee LeeByung-Ju Choi
Oct 23, 2004·Behavioural Processes·Valeri Farmer-DouganPaul A Garris
Nov 3, 2006·Journal of Neuroscience Methods·Joshua D CooperSusan M Lunte
Jul 17, 2007·Neuroreport·Leonid Yavich, Heikki Tanila
May 24, 2018·Scientific Reports·Pai-Feng YangLi Min Chen
Apr 7, 2006·Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior·Natalie A BratcherPaul A Garris
Jan 19, 2021·Brain Stimulation·Pai-Feng YangLi Min Chen