Long bone histology of sauropterygia from the lower Muschelkalk of the Germanic basin provides unexpected implications for phylogeny.

PloS One
Nicole Klein

Abstract

Sauropterygia is an abundant and successful group of Triassic marine reptiles. Phylogenetic relationships of Triassic Sauropterygia have always been unstable and recently questioned. Although specimens occur in high numbers, the main problems are rareness of diagnostic material from the Germanic Basin and uniformity of postcranial morphology of eosauropterygians. In the current paper, morphotypes of humeri along with their corresponding bone histologies for Lower to Middle Muschelkalk sauropterygians are described and interpreted for the first time in a phylogenetic context. Nothosaurus shows a typical plesiomorphic lamellar-zonal bone type, but varying growth patterns and the occurrence of a new humerus morphotype point to a higher taxonomic diversity than was known. In contrast to the enormous morphological variability of eosauropterygian humeri not assigned to Nothosaurus, their long bone histology is relatively uniform and can be divided into two histotypes. Unexpectedly, both of these histotypes reveal abundant fibrolamellar bone throughout the cortex. This pushes the origin of fibrolamellar bone in Sauropterygia back from the Cretaceous to the early Middle Triassic (early Anisian). Histotype A is assigned to Cymatosaurus,...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 8, 2013·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Koen Stein, Edina Prondvai
Nov 21, 2015·Royal Society Open Science·Nicole KleinEva Maria Griebeler
Feb 26, 2015·PloS One·Alexandra HoussayePhilip D Gingerich
Oct 31, 2016·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Alexandra HoussayeNicole Klein
Apr 17, 2019·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Nicole KleinAlexandra Houssaye
Jan 20, 2018·Scientific Reports·Holly N WoodwardPatricia Vickers-Rich
Jun 13, 2018·PeerJ·Corinna V FleischleP Martin Sander
Aug 16, 2018·Royal Society Open Science·Dawid SurmikBruce M Rothschild
Mar 11, 2017·Die Naturwissenschaften·Dawid SurmikRoman Pawlicki
Aug 10, 2017·Royal Society Open Science·Dawid SurmikKatarzyna Janiszewska
Dec 9, 2020·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Christopher T GriffinSterling J Nesbitt
Jan 2, 2019·Integrative Organismal Biology·F R O'KeefeS Werning

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