Long-lasting inhibition of cerebellar output

Brain Stimulation
T PopaS Meunier

Abstract

The cerebellar influence on the motor cortex output is exerted mostly though the cerebellothalamocortical pathway (CTC). One way to explore this pathway is by the means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). A single-pulse conditioning magnetic stimulation delivered over the lateral cerebellum was shown to diminish the excitability of the contralateral motor cortex 5 milliseconds later (cerebellocortical inhibition [CBI]), most likely through transynaptic activation of cerebellar Purkinje cells, which in turn inhibit the tonic activity of the CTC. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) delivered over the lateral cerebellum was shown to induce a long-lasting change of the cortical excitability, as well, but the mechanism and time course of this effect are still debated. We tested the time course of the effects of rTMS on the CBI in five paradigms: (1) 1 Hz rTMS, (2) continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), and (3) intermittent TBS (iTBS) over the right cerebellum, (4) 1 Hz rTMS over the cervical nerve roots, and (5) 1 Hz rTMS over the left cerebellum. Surface electromyography was recorded from the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and adductor digiti minimi. A double-cone coil was used for single-pulse cerebellar stimulation, whereas ...Continue Reading

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