Long Noncoding RNA SSR42 Controls Staphylococcus aureus Alpha-Toxin Transcription in Response to Environmental Stimuli

Journal of Bacteriology
Jessica HornMartin Fraunholz

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen causing a variety of diseases by versatile expression of a large set of virulence factors that most prominently features the cytotoxic and hemolytic pore-forming alpha-toxin. Expression of alpha-toxin is regulated by an intricate network of transcription factors. These include two-component systems sensing quorum and environmental signals as well as regulators reacting to the nutritional status of the pathogen. We previously identified the repressor of surface proteins (Rsp) as a virulence regulator. Acute cytotoxicity and hemolysis are strongly decreased in rsp mutants, which are characterized by decreased transcription of toxin genes as well as loss of transcription of a 1,232-nucleotide (nt)-long noncoding RNA (ncRNA), SSR42. Here, we show that SSR42 is the effector of Rsp in transcription regulation of the alpha-toxin gene, hla SSR42 transcription is enhanced after exposure of S. aureus to subinhibitory concentrations of oxacillin which thus leads to an SSR42-dependent increase in hemolysis. Aside from Rsp, SSR42 transcription is under the control of additional global regulators, such as CodY, AgrA, CcpE, and σB, but is positioned upstream of the two-component system SaeRS in the re...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 26, 2019·Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases·Jessica J Evans, Devin D Bolz
Nov 30, 2018·Medical Microbiology and Immunology·Vigyasa Singh, Ujjal Jyoti Phukan
Sep 25, 2020·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Richard A Proctor
Jun 4, 2021·Nature Communications·Kemal AvicanMaria Fällman
Aug 10, 2021·Frontiers in Microbiology·Laura BarrientosIsabelle Caldelari

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