Long-term magmatic evolution reveals the beginning of a new caldera cycle at Campi Flegrei

Science Advances
Francesca ForniSilvio Mollo

Abstract

Understanding the mechanisms that control the accumulation of large silicic magma bodies in the upper crust is key to determining the potential of volcanoes to form caldera-forming eruptions. Located in one of the most populated regions on Earth, Camp Flegrei is an active and restless volcano that has produced two cataclysmic caldera-forming eruptions and numerous smaller eruptive events over the past 60,000 years. Here, we combine the results of an extensive petrological survey with a thermomechanical model to investigate how the magmatic system shifts from frequent, small eruptions to large caldera-forming events. Our data reveal that the most recent eruption of Monte Nuovo is characterized by highly differentiated magmas akin to those that fed the pre-caldera activity and the initial phases of the caldera-forming eruptions. We suggest that this eruption is an expression of a state shift in magma storage conditions, whereby substantial amounts of volatiles start to exsolve in the shallow reservoir. The presence of an exsolved gas phase has fundamental consequences for the physical properties of the reservoir and may indicate that a large magma body is currently accumulating underneath Campi Flegrei.

References

Dec 6, 2002·Nature·Herbert E Huppert, Andrew W Woods
Aug 26, 2016·Scientific Reports·Mauro A Di VitoFilippo Terrasi
Dec 21, 2016·Nature Communications·Giovanni ChiodiniJean Vandemeulebrouck
May 16, 2017·Nature Communications·Christopher R J KilburnStefano Carlino

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron probe microanalysis
x-ray powder
thermal expansion
rheology

Software Mentioned

SILLS
MATLAB

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