Long-term recovery of clutch size and egg shell quality of the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) in a metal polluted area

Environmental Pollution
Tapio Eeva, Esa Lehikoinen

Abstract

We explored if breeding parameters and egg shell quality of an insectivorous passerine, pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, have fully recovered after c.a. 99% decrease in dust emissions from a non-ferrous smelter in the course of the 23 year study period. Some potentially important population characteristics (density, phenology, age) and environmental variables (habitat, inter-specific competition) were taken into account in the analysis. We found marked increase in reproductive parameters (egg shell quality, clutch size, hatchability, and fledgling number) in the metal polluted area especially in 1990's when metal-rich dust emissions from the smelter were markedly reduced. Still clutch sizes and fledgling numbers remain below the levels of the reference area. There is currently very little evidence of direct toxic effects of metals in our study population but full recovery of breeding parameters may not be reached until the full recovery of food chains, which is likely to be a slow process.

References

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Apr 28, 2009·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : CBP·Ann GeensMarcel Eens
Jun 2, 2009·The Science of the Total Environment·Tapio Eeva, Ritva Penttinen
Nov 24, 2011·PloS One·Suvi RuuskanenToni Laaksonen
Apr 20, 2012·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Åsa M M BerglundTapio Eeva
Apr 10, 2013·The Science of the Total Environment·Miia J RainioTapio Eeva
Feb 14, 2015·PloS One·Åsa M M BerglundTapio Eeva
Oct 1, 2015·PloS One·Martin BerglundBernt Wennberg

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Citations

Oct 4, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Janina StaufferPetteri Ilmonen
Nov 2, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Núria Vallverdú-CollRafael Mateo

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