Longitudinal Association Between Depression and Inflammatory Markers: Results From the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety

Biological Psychiatry
Femke LamersBrenda W J H Penninx

Abstract

While cross-sectional associations of inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein with major depressive disorder are well established, evidence for longitudinal associations mostly comes from studies on depression symptoms, not diagnoses. This study examined cross-sectional and bidirectional longitudinal associations between depression diagnosis and symptoms in an adult sample over a 6-year period. Data were obtained from the baseline (n = 2416) and 2- and 6-year follow-up assessments (n = 1925 and n = 1924, respectively) of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. C-reactive protein and IL-6 were assessed at each wave, as were the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. Linear mixed models and generalized estimating equation models with a binomial distribution were used to study longitudinal associations between depression and inflammation and vice versa. There was a consistent cross-sectional association between current depressive disorder (vs. no current disorder) and symptoms with IL-6 across all follow-up measurements (Cohen's ddepression diagnosis = 0.06, p = .017; Bstandardized Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology = 0.029, SE = 0.011, p = .00...Continue Reading

Citations

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Mar 3, 2020·Biomarkers : Biochemical Indicators of Exposure, Response, and Susceptibility to Chemicals·Min LiuHong Jiang
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Apr 10, 2020·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity·Femke LamersBrenda W J H Penninx
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Feb 16, 2021·Journal of Affective Disorders·Wendela G Ter MeulenBrenda W J H Penninx
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Aug 6, 2021·Nutrition Research and Practice·Minjeong Chae, Kyong Park
Jul 13, 2021·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity·Yuri MilaneschiBrenda W J H Penninx

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