Abstract
Children under 4 years of age have the highest incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among the non-elderly and may be at high risk of poor developmental outcomes. We prospectively enrolled a cohort of children injured before 31 months old with TBI or orthopedic injury (OI), from 2013 to 2015 at two pediatric level 1 trauma centers to study very young children's developmental outcomes after injury. We used Ages & Stages-3 and Ages & Stages: Social-Emotional screening tools to measure children's development at pre-injury and 3 and 12 months post-injury. The cohort included 123 children with TBI categorized as mild (n = 48), complicated-mild or moderate (n = 54), and severe (n = 21) and 45 children with OI. Generalized linear models examined effects of injury severity and age at injury controlling for pre-injury ratings. Children with mild or complicated-mild/moderate TBI generally remained on developmental track. Compared to OI, children with severe TBI tended to have a negative developmental trajectory with decrements in communication (-7.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], -13.7, -0.48), gross motor (-15.2; 95% CI, -21.1, -9.19), problem solving (-11.6; 95% CI, -17.9, -5.29), personal-social (-16.8; 95% CI, -22.8, -10.8), and...Continue Reading
References
Jan 1, 1981·Neuropsychologia·J L BradshawM J Taylor
Jan 17, 1998·Pediatrics·D K RunyanR M Mathew
Aug 1, 1998·Pediatrics·L Ewing-CobbsK Cheung
Aug 7, 2003·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Heather T KeenanSara H Sinal
Apr 16, 2004·Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine·Linda J CarrollUNKNOWN WHO Collaborating Centre Task Force on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Jul 5, 2005·Pediatrics·Nina SandKaren G O'Connor
Aug 3, 2005·Pediatrics·Karen M BarlowRobert A Minns
Dec 3, 2005·Pediatrics·Vicki AndersonJeffrey Rosenfeld
Mar 3, 2007·Pediatrics·Heather T KeenanDesmond K Runyan
May 2, 2007·Psychological Bulletin·Keith Owen YeatesKathryn Vannatta
Jun 4, 2008·Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics·Harvey S LevinPaul Swank
Jan 25, 2012·Pediatrics·Louise M CroweVicki Anderson
Mar 6, 2012·Child Neuropsychology : a Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence·Louise M CroweVicki Anderson
Nov 1, 2009·Animal : an International Journal of Animal Bioscience·G Zamaratskaia, E J Squires
Mar 20, 2013·Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS·Linda Ewing-CobbsPaul Swank
May 1, 2013·Pediatrics·Luisa SchonhautMiguel Cordero
Dec 11, 2013·The Journal of Pediatrics·Sarah R RisenCynthia F Salorio
Jan 1, 2014·Neuroscience·J DuboisL Hertz-Pannier
May 14, 2014·Neuropsychology Review·Maureen DennisJack M Fletcher
Aug 22, 2014·Journal of Child Neurology·Mari-Liis Kaldoja, Anneli Kolk
Sep 16, 2015·Pediatric Research·Cynthia E RogersJeffrey J Neil
Feb 2, 2016·The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation·Mary R PrasadLinda Ewing-Cobbs
Feb 2, 2016·The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation·Steven M MarkosAmy K Wagner
Feb 24, 2016·JAMA Pediatrics·Shari L WadeH Gerry Taylor
Sep 14, 2016·Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS·Coco O BernardDavid Krieser
Jan 25, 2017·Neuropsychology·Jenny BelleroseMiriam H Beauchamp
Feb 6, 2017·JAMA Pediatrics·Jeanie L CheongAlicia J Spittle
Mar 17, 2017·MMWR. Surveillance Summaries : Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries·Christopher A TaylorLikang Xu
Citations
Aug 8, 2019·Current Opinion in Pediatrics·Ian C Coulter, Rob J Forsyth
Feb 11, 2020·Journal of Neurotrauma·Akram ZamaniBridgette D Semple
Sep 3, 2019·Frontiers in Neurology·Helen M GenovaJean Lengenfelder
Nov 7, 2019·Current Opinion in Pediatrics·Ian C Coulter, Rob J Forsyth
Feb 11, 2020·Frontiers in Neurology·J Bryce OrtizJonathan Lifshitz
Jul 25, 2020·The Clinical Neuropsychologist·Trevor A HallCydni N Williams
Jun 7, 2020·Journal of Neurotrauma·Elisabeth A WildeHarvey S Levin
Oct 21, 2020·BMJ Open·Miriam H BeauchampUNKNOWN PERC KOALA Project
Oct 24, 2020·Journal of Interpersonal Violence·Lois W SayrsRachel K Rowe
Feb 5, 2021·Brain Injury : [BI]·Kelly M JonesValery L Feigin
May 6, 2019·Experimental Neurology·Naomi S Sta MariaChristopher C Giza
Apr 2, 2021·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·Mark Sen Liang GohShu-Ling Chong
Jan 8, 2022·Neuropsychology Review·M SéguinM H Beauchamp