PMID: 8985895Dec 1, 1996Paper

Loop gain of reflexes controlling human standing measured with the use of postural and vestibular disturbances

Journal of Neurophysiology
R FitzpatrickS C Gandevia

Abstract

1. In this study we measured the loop gain of postural reflexes in standing human subjects. Reflex activity is conventionally described in terms of the muscle activation arising from a perturbation, but in this study the ability of the evoked muscle activity to correct the perturbation was also measured, and the behavior of the entire feedback loop is described. 2. A weak continuous random perturbation was applied at waist level to standing subjects. The effects of the perturbation on body sway and soleus electromyogram (EMG) were identified by cross-correlation, and spectral analysis was used to estimate the open-loop reflex transmission characteristics (i.e., sway to EMG). Under the same conditions, activity in the leg muscles was evoked by galvanic vestibular stimulation with the use of a continuous randomly varying current. The effects on soleus EMG and the subsequent body sway were identified by cross-correlation. This allowed calculation of the open-loop muscle and load behavior (i.e., EMG to sway). From these open-loop reflex and muscle and load transfer functions, the loop gain and phase were calculated. 3. In addition to the gain of the feedback loop, the study describes the transmission characteristics of reflex respo...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 30, 2004·The Journal of Physiology·Ian D LoramMartin Lakie
Aug 28, 2004·Journal of Neurophysiology·Christoph Maurer, Robert J Peterka
Jan 22, 2005·The Journal of Physiology·Ian D LoramMartin Lakie
Feb 17, 2007·Journal of Neurophysiology·Leif JohannsenVassilia Hatzitaki
Jan 12, 2008·The Journal of Physiology·John Z Z ChewRichard C Fitzpatrick
Sep 20, 2008·The Journal of Physiology·Michael Dimitriou, Benoni B Edin
Mar 29, 2011·Experimental Brain Research·Ajitkumar P MulavaraJacob J Bloomberg
Feb 7, 2014·Biological cybernetics·Peter GawthropMartin Lakie
Jan 27, 2015·Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience·Patrick A ForbesJean-Sébastien Blouin
Sep 9, 2015·Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience·Ajitkumar P MulavaraJacob J Bloomberg
Jul 22, 2018·Frontiers in Neurology·Patrick A ForbesJean-Sébastien Blouin
Nov 15, 2018·Frontiers in Neurology·Christopher J Dakin, David A E Bolton
Jun 25, 1999·The Journal of Physiology·J D BrookeG F Peritore
Nov 2, 2004·Experimental Brain Research·Ichiro KitaHideho Arita
Feb 7, 2001·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·V S FungB L Day
Apr 27, 2007·Journal of Neurophysiology·Herman van der Kooij, Erwin de Vlugt
Jul 19, 2005·Experimental Brain Research·Arash MahboobinPatrick J Sparto
Jul 21, 2007·The Journal of Physiology·Christopher J DakinJean-Sébastien Blouin
Jul 10, 2009·Biological cybernetics·Peter GawthropMartin Lakie
May 13, 2010·Journal of Biomechanical Engineering·Yunfei XuJacek Cholewicki
Sep 5, 2012·The Journal of Physiology·Billy L LuuJean-Sébastien Blouin
Jan 1, 2009·Neuromodulation : Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society·Albert H VetteMilos R Popovic
Jun 25, 2014·PloS One·David LoganJohn J Jeka
Apr 22, 2015·PloS One·Martin E HérouxJean-Sébastien Blouin
May 1, 2015·Journal of Neurophysiology·Ryan M PetersJean-Sébastien Blouin
Jul 16, 2015·The Journal of Physiology·Brian C HorslenMark G Carpenter
May 23, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Anne I ArntzPatrick A Forbes
Apr 21, 2001·The Journal of Physiology·I D LoramM Lakie

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