Loss of environmental enrichment increases vulnerability to cocaine addiction.

Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
Joëlle NaderMarcello Solinas

Abstract

Life experiences, especially during critical periods of maturation, such as adolescence, can dramatically affect vulnerability to diseases at adulthood. Early exposure to positive environmental conditions such as environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to reduce the occurrence and the intensity of neurological and psychiatric disorders including drug addiction. However, whether or not exposure to EE during early stages of life would protect from addiction when, at adulthood, individuals may find themselves in non-enriched conditions has not been investigated. Here we show that switching mice from EE to non-enriched standard environments not only results in the loss of the preventive effects of EE but also increases the rewarding effects of cocaine. This enhanced vulnerability is associated with emotional distress and with increased levels in the mRNA levels of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), as well as with increases in CREB phosphorylation in the BNST and in the shell of the nucleus accumbens. The increased sensitivity to the rewarding effects of cocaine is completely blocked by the CRF antagonist antalarmin, confirming a major role of the CRF system in the negative ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 29, 2013·Psychopharmacology·Andrew R Burke, Klaus A Miczek
Jan 25, 2013·Addiction Biology·Judith R HombergMichel M M Verheij
Dec 6, 2014·Molecules and Cells·Thomas L KashZoe A McElligott
Dec 3, 2014·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Elizabeth J CroftonThomas A Green
Apr 13, 2015·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Shawn M AardeMichael A Taffe
Jan 28, 2020·Addiction Biology·Cristina LemosRana El Rawas
Mar 9, 2018·The Behavioral and Brain Sciences·Patrick Anselme, Onur Güntürkün
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Sep 24, 2020·Current Opinion in Pharmacology·Marcello SolinasNathalie Thiriet
Jul 19, 2021·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·Susana Barbosa-MéndezAlberto Salazar-Juárez

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