Loss of flight promotes beetle diversification.

Nature Communications
Hiroshi IkedaTeiji Sota

Abstract

The evolution of flight is a key innovation that may enable the extreme diversification of insects. Nonetheless, many species-rich, winged insect groups contain flightless lineages. The loss of flight may promote allopatric differentiation due to limited dispersal power and may result in a high speciation rate in the flightless lineage. Here we show that loss of flight accelerates allopatric speciation using carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae). We demonstrate that flightless species retain higher genetic differentiation among populations and comprise a higher number of genetically distinct lineages than flight-capable species, and that the speciation rate with the flightless state is twice that with the flight-capable state. Moreover, a meta-analysis of 51 beetle species from 15 families reveals higher genetic differentiation among populations in flightless compared with flight-capable species. In beetles, which represent almost one-fourth of all described species, repeated evolution of flightlessness may have contributed to their steady diversification since the Mesozoic era.

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Citations

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
AB606431
AB606597
AB668772
AB606661
AB668599
AB668621
AB668771
AB668609
AB668939

Software Mentioned

MUSCLE
ARLEQUIN
ArcGIS
Mega5
R package diversitree
JMP
Maxent
GMYC
AMOVA
r8s

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