Loss of floral repressor function adapts rice to higher latitudes in Europe

Journal of Experimental Botany
Jorge Gómez-ArizaFabio Fornara

Abstract

The capacity to discriminate variations in day length allows plants to align flowering with the most favourable season of the year. This capacity has been altered by artificial selection when cultivated varieties became adapted to environments different from those of initial domestication. Rice flowering is promoted by short days when HEADING DATE 1 (Hd1) and EARLY HEADING DATE 1 (Ehd1) induce the expression of florigenic proteins encoded by HEADING DATE 3a (Hd3a) and RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 (RFT1). Repressors of flowering antagonize such induction under long days, maintaining vegetative growth and delaying flowering. To what extent artificial selection of long day repressor loci has contributed to expand rice cultivation to Europe is currently unclear. This study demonstrates that European varieties activate both Hd3a and RFT1 expression regardless of day length and their induction is caused by loss-of-function mutations at major long day floral repressors. However, their contribution to flowering time control varies between locations. Pyramiding of mutations is frequently observed in European germplasm, but single mutations are sufficient to adapt rice to flower at higher latitudes. Expression of Ehd1 is increased in varieti...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 3, 2015·Journal of Experimental Botany·Kemal Kazan, Rebecca Lyons
Oct 4, 2016·TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik·Kiyosumi HoriMasahiro Yano
Oct 31, 2016·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Gene Regulatory Mechanisms·Vittoria Brambilla, Fabio Fornara
Nov 2, 2018·TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik·Yong HuYongzhong Xing
May 12, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Manu KumarHyun Uk Kim
Sep 20, 2017·Journal of Experimental Botany·Michael DingkuhnTobias Kretzschmar
May 12, 2017·Frontiers in Plant Science·Vittoria BrambillaFabio Fornara
Oct 24, 2017·Trends in Plant Science·Carla P CoelhoThomas P Brutnell
Dec 24, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Damiano MartignagoLucio Conti

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