Low and reduced carbohydrate diets: challenges and opportunities for type 2 diabetes management and prevention

The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
Chaitong ChuruangsukEmilie Combet

Abstract

Low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) have been promoted for weight control and type 2 diabetes (T2D) management, based on an emerging body of evidence, including meta-analyses with an indication of publication bias. Proposed definitions vary between 50 and 130 g/d, or <10 and <40 % of energy from carbohydrate, with no consensus on LCD compositional criteria. LCD are usually followed with limited consideration for other macronutrients in the overall diet composition, introducing variance in the constituent foods and in metabolic responses. For weight management, extensive evidence supports LCD as a valid weight loss treatment, up to 1-2 years. Solely lowering carbohydrate intake does not, in the medium/long term, reduce HbA1c for T2D prevention or treatment, as many mechanisms interplay. Under controlled feeding conditions, LCD are not physiologically or clinically superior to diets with higher carbohydrates for weight-loss, fat loss, energy expenditure or glycaemic outcomes; indeed, all metabolic improvements require weight loss. Long-term evidence also links the LCD pattern to increased CVD risks and mortality. LCD can lead to micronutrient deficiencies and increased LDL-cholesterol, depending on food selection to replace carbohydrate...Continue Reading

References

Jan 15, 1977·The Medical Journal of Australia·C S Hoyt, F A Billson
Sep 1, 1990·American Journal of Epidemiology·G A ColditzF E Speizer
Sep 1, 1996·International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition·S A Gibson
Jun 10, 1998·American Journal of Epidemiology·L A BraamJ C Seidell
May 3, 2001·The New England Journal of Medicine·J TuomilehtoUNKNOWN Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group
Feb 8, 2002·The New England Journal of Medicine·William C KnowlerUNKNOWN Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Jul 11, 2002·The American Journal of Medicine·Eric C WestmanChristine E Perkins
May 23, 2003·The New England Journal of Medicine·Frederick F SamahaLinda Stern
May 14, 2004·Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics : the Official Journal of the British Dietetic Association·J J LaraM E J Lean
Mar 12, 2005·Annual Review of Public Health·Ross C BrownsonDouglas A Luke
Mar 1, 1993·Obesity Research·W Banting
Nov 10, 2006·The New England Journal of Medicine·Thomas L HaltonFrank B Hu
Dec 1, 2006·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·A TrichopoulouD Trichopoulos
Mar 30, 2007·Journal of Internal Medicine·P LagiouH-O Adami
Jan 8, 2008·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Alexandra M JohnstoneGerald E Lobley
Feb 9, 2008·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Thomas L HaltonFrank B Hu
Feb 13, 2008·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·S AlhassanC D Gardner
Mar 29, 2008·Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders·Bernard V MillerAnne N Nafziger
Aug 15, 2008·Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·M HessionJ Broom
Jun 30, 2009·Journal of the American Dietetic Association·Ted D BarnettTim L Radak
Oct 31, 2009·Diabetes Care·John B BuseM Sue Kirkman
Jun 16, 2010·Archives of Internal Medicine·Qi SunFrank B Hu
Jun 25, 2010·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Christopher D GardnerRise Cherin
Sep 8, 2010·Annals of Internal Medicine·Teresa T FungFrank B Hu
Sep 10, 2010·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Per SjögrenTommy Cederholm
Dec 1, 2010·Appetite·Mette Kristensen, Morten Georg Jensen
Feb 12, 2011·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Lawrence de KoningFrank B Hu
Oct 12, 2011·Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism·María-Eugenia FrigoletMartha Tamez González
Feb 16, 2012·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·L M NilssonB Van Guelpen
Mar 2, 2012·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·M E SimiläJ Virtamo

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes

Biomarkers can help understand chronic diseases and assist in risk prediction for prevention and early detection of diseases. Here is the latest research on biomarkers in type 2 diabetes, a disease in which the body is unable to produce or properly use insulin.

CV Disorders & Type 2 Diabetes

This feed focuses on the association of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes.

ApoE, Lipids & Cholesterol

Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B (APOB)-containing lipoproteins (very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), immediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), lipoprotein A (LPA)) and the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio are all connected in diseases. Here is the latest research.

Related Papers

Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
Y HashimotoM Fukui
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy
Satoshi MaekawaMasaru Harada
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved