Abstract
Borna disease virus (BDV) can induce neurological disease in animals. Since viral nucleic acid, infectious particles and antibodies recognizing BDV antigens were found at higher frequencies in psychiatric patients than in healthy controls, BDV is suspected to cause psychiatric disorders in humans. However, the human origin of these viruses has recently been questioned. To diagnose BDV infections, sera are usually analyzed for antiviral antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) on virus-infected cells. This study reveals that the reactive antibodies in human sera mainly recognized the BDV phosphoprotein, whereas animal sera preferentially detected the viral nucleoprotein. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G in sera of experimentally or naturally infected animals bound to the viral antigen with high avidity, ie resisting 3 M urea, whereas reactive IgG in human sera did not. Longitudinal studies showed that reactive human antibodies persisted for many years without gaining high avidity for BDV antigens, indicating that they were probably not induced by BDV but rather by infection with an antigenically related microorganism of unknown identity or by exposure to other related immunogens.
References
Aug 1, 1986·Journal of Virological Methods·O P Lehtonen, O H Meurman
Sep 17, 1988·Lancet·L BodeH Koprowski
Dec 15, 1988·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·J SchüpbachZ Tomasik
May 10, 1985·Science·R RottH Koprowski
Jan 1, 1980·Medical Microbiology and Immunology·S Herzog, R Rott
May 15, 1995·FEBS Letters·M KishiK Ikuta
Mar 1, 1995·Nature Medicine·L BodeH Ludwig
Jul 1, 1994·Journal of Medical Virology·A AnderssonG Bauer
Jan 1, 1993·Journal of Affective Disorders·Z F FuB Dietzschold
Feb 1, 1996·Japanese Journal of Cancer Research : Gann·T ItoY Matasuzawa
Sep 15, 1996·Virology·J C De La TorreE Masliah
Feb 28, 1997·Schizophrenia Research·R W WaltripK M Carbone
May 16, 1998·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·M SchwemmleW I Lipkin
Mar 24, 1999·Molecular Psychiatry·C H ChenK J Hsiao
Jul 10, 1999·Journal of Virology·O PlanzL Stitz
Sep 3, 1999·Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology·K YamaguchiK M Carbone
Jan 6, 2000·Lancet·M SchwemmleP Staeheli
Apr 25, 2000·Journal of Virology·Y NakamuraK Ikuta
May 24, 2000·Journal of Virology·N NowotnyM Schwemmle
Aug 22, 2000·The Journal of General Virology·P StaeheliM Schwemmle
Citations
May 30, 2001·Journal of Clinical Virology : the Official Publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology·K Lieb, P Staeheli
Apr 23, 2010·Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences·Alexander Heinrich, Michael Adamaszek
Jul 15, 2003·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Liv Bode, Hans Ludwig
Dec 10, 2003·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·Emmanuelle CottoMarie-Edith Lafon
Mar 12, 2010·Journal of Virology·Peter StaeheliBernd Kaspers
Mar 2, 2002·The Lancet Infectious Diseases·M Schwemmle
Jan 5, 2010·Veterinary Microbiology·Christine BaechleinBeatrice Grummer
Sep 13, 2008·Journal of Clinical Virology : the Official Publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology·Hidenori MatsunagaMasatoshi Takeda
Feb 25, 2006·Journal of Clinical Virology : the Official Publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology·M J HoferA Pagenstecher
Feb 14, 2006·Microbes and Infection·Ralf DürrwaldNorbert Nowotny
Jun 14, 2002·Biological Psychiatry·Christian BillichMartin Schwemmle
Dec 12, 2012·The Journal of General Virology·Paula M KinnunenOlli Vapalahti
Feb 20, 2008·Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology·N Werner-KeissC Herden
Feb 9, 2010·Psychiatry Investigation·Kyoung-Sae NaYong-Ku Kim
Jan 1, 2012·Uirusu·Keizo Tomonaga
Jul 9, 2009·Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology·R ThakurB Sharma
Jan 12, 2020·The Lancet Infectious Diseases·Tomoyuki Honda