Low back pain.

Lancet
Nebojsa Nick KnezevicSteven P Cohen

Abstract

Low back pain covers a spectrum of different types of pain (eg, nociceptive, neuropathic and nociplastic, or non-specific) that frequently overlap. The elements comprising the lumbar spine (eg, soft tissue, vertebrae, zygapophyseal and sacroiliac joints, intervertebral discs, and neurovascular structures) are prone to different stressors, and each of these, alone or in combination, can contribute to low back pain. Due to numerous factors related to low back pain, and the low specificity of imaging and diagnostic injections, diagnostic methods for this condition continue to be a subject of controversy. The biopsychosocial model posits low back pain to be a dynamic interaction between social, psychological, and biological factors that can both predispose to and result from injury, and should be considered when devising interdisciplinary treatment plans. Prevention of low back pain is recognised as a pivotal challenge in high-risk populations to help tackle high health-care costs related to therapy and rehabilitation. To a large extent, therapy depends on pain classification, and usually starts with self-care and pharmacotherapy in combination with non-pharmacological methods, such as physical therapies and psychological treatment...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 13, 2021·Anesthesiology·Radostin PenchevSteven P Cohen
Oct 6, 2021·Global Spine Journal·N K Mazarakis, Andreas K Demetriades
Aug 23, 2021·The Clinical Journal of Pain·Koen Van BoxemJan Van Zundert

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