Low-dose progestin-releasing contraceptives are associated with a higher pain threshold in healthy women

Fertility and Sterility
Manuela Menezes MáximoOmero Benedicto Poli-Neto

Abstract

To determine the pain thresholds of women taking different formulations of hormonal contraceptives. Cross-sectional study. Basic health care unit. Eighty-nine healthy nonusers and 188 users of hormonal contraceptives. Subject interviews were followed by the application of a semistructured questionnaire, including a psychometric assessment with the Beck Depression Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. After the interview, a 10-mL peripheral blood sample was collected. Pain thresholds were obtained by performing pressure algometry. Serum concentrations of E2, P, and T (free fraction) were determined via chemoluminescence. The menstrual cycle phase was determined according to hormonal level and identification of an LH surge in urine. Pain threshold was evaluated with a dynamometer applied to the forearm skin of the nondominant limb and abdominal wall. Progestin-only contraceptive users showed a higher pain pressure threshold in the forearm (2.94 ± 0.96 vs. 2.74 ± 0.89 vs. 2.62 ± 0.92) and right (2.11 ± 0.87 vs. 1.83 ± 0.81 vs. 1.78 ± 0.77) and left abdomen (2.12 ± 0.88 vs. 1.79 ± 0.76 vs. 1.73 ± 0.70) than did combined hormonal contraceptive users and nonusers of hormonal contraceptives, respectively. Users of contracep...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 30, 2018·The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception·Deborah MargathoLuis Bahamondes
Aug 11, 2020·Pain Research & Management : the Journal of the Canadian Pain Society = Journal De La Société Canadienne Pour Le Traitement De La Douleur·Regina L M Van BoekelMonique A H Steegers
Oct 30, 2021·The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research·Le-Kai NiePei-Hai Zhang

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