Low femoral bone mineral density and quantitative ultrasound are risk factors for new osteoporotic fracture and total and cardiovascular mortality: a 5-year population-based study of Brazilian elderly women

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
Marcelo M PinheiroV L Szejnfeld

Abstract

Prospective and cross-sectional studies have confirmed a significant association between bone mineral density (BMD) measurements and fracture risk. However, the relationship among incident fracture risk, mortality, BMD, and quantitative ultrasound is controversial and less studied. At baseline, 275 postmenopausal elderly women were evaluated by clinical questionnaire regarding fracture risk factors and had radiological analysis of the spine, spine and femur dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and calcaneous quantitative ultrasound measurements. Five years later, 42 (15.3%) women had died, 25 (9.1%) were lost to follow-up, and 208 (75.6%) continued the study. Specific questionnaire items regarding fracture risk were reevaluated, and thoracic and lumbar spine x-rays were taken to identify new fractures. Causes of mortality in this population were also assessed. All reported deaths were confirmed by review of death certificates or hospital records and were classified according to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code. After adjustments for age, weight, body mass index, smoking status, previous fracture, physical activity, drug use, and presence of chronic diseases, each 1 standard deviation (SD) reduc...Continue Reading

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