Low-level exposures to organophosphorus esters and peripheral nerve function

Muscle & Nerve
Marcello Lotti

Abstract

This review evaluates the epidemiological and clinical evidence linking low-level and prolonged exposures to organophosphorus esters, used as insecticides or nerve agents, to peripheral nerve dysfunction. The clinical effects of large doses of these chemicals-including the cholinergic syndrome, the intermediate syndrome, and the delayed polyneuropathy-are all well established and are summarized. Based on these clinical observations and experimental studies, dose-effect relationships indicate that peripheral neuropathy always develops after cholinergic toxicity. However, several studies have suggested that this relationship may be different after low-level prolonged exposures, as, for instance, those experienced by Gulf War veterans and British sheep farmers, thereby leading to the development of peripheral neuropathy without preceding cholinergic toxicity. A critical assessment of these studies, involving subjects with either current or past exposures, indicates that changes in peripheral nerve function were mild, inconsistent, and unexplained and that most studies lack exposure data. Suggestions made about individual hypersusceptibility to delayed polyneuropathy lack support. It is concluded that there is no evidence of periph...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 27, 2005·Toxicological Reviews·Marcello Lotti, Angelo Moretto
Jul 10, 2013·Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine·Ratana Sapbamrer, Sakorn Nata
Apr 16, 2014·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·Thomas J Nutter, Brian Y Cooper
Apr 17, 2014·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Yifan LiRuifa Hu
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May 20, 2008·Biomarkers : Biochemical Indicators of Exposure, Response, and Susceptibility to Chemicals·Mabruka H TarhoniWayne G Carter
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Apr 22, 2005·Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics·K N Woodward
Apr 30, 2004·Muscle & Nerve·James W AlbersStanley Berent
Dec 13, 2005·Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry·Lucio G Costa
May 25, 2013·Human & Experimental Toxicology·S Karami-MohajeriM Abdollahi
Mar 18, 2003·Nature Genetics·Christopher J WinrowCarrolee Barlow
Dec 31, 2015·Nanomaterials·John RickBing Joe Hwang
Apr 28, 2020·Toxicology Reports·Mehtap KaraAristidis S Veskoukis

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