Low pH is required for avian sarcoma and leukosis virus Env-dependent viral penetration into the cytosol and not for viral uncoating

Journal of Virology
Richard J O BarnardJohn A T Young

Abstract

A novel entry mechanism has been proposed for the avian sarcoma and leukosis virus (ASLV), whereby interaction with specific cell surface receptors activates or primes the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), rendering it sensitive to subsequent low-pH-dependent fusion triggering in acidic intracellular organelles. However, ASLV fusion seems to proceed to a lipid mixing stage at neutral pH, leading to the suggestion that low pH might instead be required for a later stage of viral entry such as uncoating (L. J. Earp, S. E. Delos, R. C. Netter, P. Bates, and J. M. White. J. Virol. 77:3058-3066, 2003). To address this possibility, hybrid virus particles were generated with the core of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), a known pH-independent virus, and with subgroups A or B ASLV Env proteins. Infection of cells by these pseudotyped virions was blocked by lysosomotropic agents, as judged by inhibition of HIV-1 DNA synthesis. Furthermore, by using HIV-1 cores that contain a Vpr-beta-lactamase fusion protein (Vpr-BlaM) to monitor viral penetration into the cytosol, we demonstrated that virions bearing ASLV Env, but not HIV-1 Env, enter the cytosol in a low-pH-dependent manner. This effect was independent of the presence of th...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 1, 2005·Molecular Biology of the Cell·Ruben M MarkosyanGrigory B Melikyan
Aug 22, 2008·Journal of Virology·Massimo PizzatoHeinrich G Göttlinger
Nov 22, 2011·Retrovirology·Eleanor R GrayJonathan P Stoye
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Jun 7, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Gregory B MelikyanJohn A T Young
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Jun 14, 2017·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Anna LounkováJan Svoboda
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Jan 26, 2007·The Journal of General Virology·Celia CantínIsabel Muñoz-Barroso

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